If i want to use the middle sentence "Groups blah blah blah.blah blah" how can i know that's the authors words and not part of paraphrased work from the two cited sources? Peters (2009) noted that blah blah blah.blah. If am reading material and i find an idea/sentence in between two citations that i may want to paraphrase for in my work for example Īccording to Linda (2015) blah blah.blah blah.
What about when reading material for your paper? There are so many research papers written in such a manner that one can't tell what part is the author's words/ideas and what part is paraphrased.
One very telling quote from Willemssen's research is that "87% of wetlands where two-headed frogs are found have high levels of environmental contamination" (p. Willemssen's research indicates that when frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland. Willemssen (2010) recently conducted research in Wisconsin that shows that frogs are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. Also, she finishes by noting that when oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can also assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment.įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. Her research indicates that when frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland.
Willemssen (2010) relates to research conducted recently in Wisconsin that shows that frogs are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. When oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment (Willemssen, 2010).įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. The study notes that when frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland. According to a recent study by Willemssen (2010), frogs are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. Note the reader knows exactly when/where information from the source is used:įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. These paragraphs are "APA correct" and easy to read. When oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can also assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment (Willemssen, 2010). When frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland (Willemssen, 2010). They are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution (Willemssen, 2010). This paragraph is technically correct for APA, but it is difficult to read in large part because the in-text citations are intrusive and awkward:įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. When oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment (Willemssen, 2010).Ĭorrect, but Ugly. When frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland. They are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. Do not do this:įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. In this paragraph, the citation occurs only at the end, and the reader does not know exactly when/where information comes from the source. Then, refer back to the source when needed to ensure your reader understands you are still using the same source.įor examples of the "bad," the "ugly," and the "good," please see below:īad. Basically, introduce the source you are summarizing or paraphrasing at the beginning of the paragraph. Solution: Use a lead-in at the beginning of your paragraph. Thus, an end-of-paragraph citation does not meet that requirement.
It is also awkward to read! However, technically, APA demands that your reader knows exactly what information you got from someone else and when you start using it. When you summarize or paraphrase someone else's information in several sentences or more, it feels awkward to put in a citation at the end of each sentence you write.
#How to make a footnote refer to multiple sentances professional#
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